Ackermann geometry
Two steered front wheels take different lock angles and their axle perpendiculars retract from a shared turn centre as the steering unwinds to straight.
CSS
Chassis
15 animationsAnti-roll bar
One wheel takes a bump, the drop link winds up the torsion section of the anti-roll bar and the contact loads trade across the axle.
CSSPremiumBody roll angle
A front-view sprung mass heels over on its roll centre under lateral load while its centreline sweeps a protractor away from the plumb datum.
CSSPremiumBump steer
A toe-against-travel curve bows off the zero-toe axis and then draws in onto it, inside the build tolerance band.
CSSPremiumCamber gain
A double-wishbone linkage sweeps its upright through bump travel and the wheel centreline leans off the camber datum as the arms arc.
CSSPremiumCaster trail
The steering axis rocks back from vertical through the contact patch and the mechanical trail dimension grows with it.
CSSPremiumCorner weights
Four scale pads under a plan-view chassis read their corner loads as bars while cross-weight winds onto one diagonal and off the other.
CSSPremiumDamper force curve
A force-against-velocity damper plot whose bump and rebound branches swing between the soft and firm valving envelopes about the origin.
CSSPremiumDive and squat
A side-profile body pitches nose-down under braking then tail-down under drive while its attitude line swings against the fixed horizon datum.
CSSPremiumFriction circle
A combined-grip circle over longitudinal and lateral axes with the demand vector sweeping from pure braking through combined load into pure cornering.
CSSPremiumRide height
A chassis sill lifts off its target height above the ground plane and settles back while the dimension between them grows and closes.
CSSPremiumSuspension travel
A coil-over strut compresses through bump and extends into droop against a travel scale while the wheel stays on the ground plane.
CSSPremiumTyre slip angle
A plan-view contact patch holds its heading while the velocity vector swings off the wheel plane and the slip-angle wedge opens behind it.
CSSPremiumWeight transfer
Front and rear axle load columns trade height under a growing longitudinal inertia bar at the centre of gravity, throwing mass onto the front axle.
CSSPremiumYaw rate response
A steering step input drives a yaw-rate trace that overshoots and rings down onto the steady-state line as the response settles.
CSSPremium