Capacity fade by cycle block
Retained-capacity treads for successive cycle blocks step down from the as-new line until the last blocks fall through the end-of-life rule.
CSS
Batterycell
15 animationsCell spread balancing
Per-cell deviation bars open out either side of the pack mean, past the tolerance rules, and balancing pulls every cell back onto the mean.
CSSCell swell gauge
A caliper jaw and dimension over a stacked cell open as the stack thickens past its as-built reference rule and close again.
CSSConstant current to constant voltage
A current-profile bar row tapers away past the crossover rule as the charge hands over from constant current to constant voltage.
CSSCoulombic efficiency
Charge taken in is drawn above the axis and charge returned below it, and the shortfall between the returned bars and the full-return rule widens and closes.
CSSDifferential capacity peaks
Three differential-capacity peaks lose height against their reference outlines and drift apart as the phase signature degrades.
CSSDischarge curve
A voltage-versus-capacity trace holds its plateau and falls off the knee while a cursor rule runs the axis above the cutoff line.
CSSImpedance locus
A frequency probe steps point by point around the charge-transfer semicircle and out along the diffusion tail of an impedance locus.
CSSKnee point
A shallow early-life rule and a steep late-life arm hinge at a marked knee that slides later as the steep arm stands up.
CSSPulse characterisation
A square current pulse train runs above and the voltage response below it sags deeper with each pulse as internal resistance rises.
CSSRest voltage decay
An open-circuit trace sags away from the rule it started on while a dimension at the right measures the loss it has accumulated.
CSSState of charge column
A graduated column gauge drains and refills while its pointer tracks the top of the charge against the tick scale.
CSSState of health dial
An arc gauge fills to the measured state of health and the needle settles with it as the reading drops and recovers.
CSSTemperature derating
An operating marker walks out along the hot shoulder of a U-shaped derating curve, below the derate threshold, and back to the rated plateau.
CSSUsable charge window
Reserve zones grow inwards from each end of a capacity track and narrow the usable working band between their marked edges.
CSS