Bound Circulation
A bound vortex runs clockwise around an airfoil section while the starting vortex shed at the trailing edge turns the opposite way down the wake.
CSS
Aerodynamics
15 animationsBoundary Layer
Velocity filaments along a plate carry packets that crawl near the wall and run at free stream above it, under a dashed layer edge thickening through transition.
CSSDrag Polar
A lift-against-drag polar with two ghost configurations behind it, each traced by an accent packet running up through the drag bucket to the stall knee.
CSSFlow Separation
An attached streamline peels off the crest at the separation tick and sails on downstream while the recirculating bubble beneath it runs the other way and breathes.
CSSLift Curve Slope
A lift coefficient curve extends with angle of attack and breaks over at stall, retracting to the linear region and running back up against a ghosted linear extension.
CSSMach Cone
Spherical wave fronts shed by a supersonic source expand and fall behind it at three times their own rate, stacking into the straight envelope of a Mach cone.
CSSNormal Shock
A normal shock stands in the divergent half of a convergent-divergent duct, hunting slightly about its station while the tracers crossing it pile up and slow.
CSSOblique Shock
An oblique shock off a compression ramp reflects from the upper wall while the streamlines turn twice and their tracers compress at each wave.
CSSPressure Distribution
An inverted pressure-coefficient plot whose upper-surface curve climbs through three incidences, the suction peak growing and marching toward the leading edge and back.
CSSSpan Loading
An elliptical lift distribution stands over a wing planform with the induced downwash beneath it, a shallow undulation running out from the root to both tips.
CSSStream Tube
Stream surfaces crowd over a section while the tracer bars carried between them stretch and spread apart where the tube pinches and the flow accelerates.
CSSSuction Peak
Pressure vectors stand normal to a cambered section that pitches slowly, the upper-surface suction arrows extending and the lower-surface arrows giving way as incidence builds.
CSSTrailing Vortex Pair
Two rolled-up tip vortices behind a wing turn in opposite senses, one revolution per cycle, while packets wind inward along each spiral.
CSSVortex Street
Alternating eddies shed from a cylinder and drift downstream in two staggered rows, growing as they age and fading out at the edge of the frame.
CSSWake Deficit
Three pitot rakes behind a slender body read the wake notch deep, then half filled, then nearly gone, the bars collapsing and settling out again from the centreline.
CSS